Grammar
Grammar points
Every lesson explains its grammar where you meet it. This page is different — a standalone reference, one entry per pattern, with its meaning, how it attaches, example sentences, and how it differs from patterns that look similar.
Grouped by what each pattern does. Open a group to see what's inside.
- -(으)ㄴ 뒤에after doing something
- -(으)ㄴ 바 있다has previously ~ed
- -(으)ㄴ 지 N 만에N after doing
- -(으)ㄴ 후에after doing
- -(으)면서while doing / and
- -고 있다is doing
- -다가while doing ~, and then
- -던/-았던used to / had done
- -았/었/였고did A, and did B
- -에 이어following N
- -을/ㄹ 때마다every time / whenever
- -자as soon as, upon ~ing
- 마다every / each N
- N 동안for N, during N
- N 만이다first time in N
- N 이후since N, after N
- N개월 연속for N consecutive months
- N께at about N (a time)
- N을/를 맞아to mark N, on the occasion of N
- N을/를 앞두고ahead of N, with N approaching
- N째the Nth; the Nth day of
- -(으)ㄹ 것으로 기대되다is hoped to / is looked forward to
- -(으)ㄹ 것으로 보이다appears that / seems likely to
- -(으)ㄹ 것으로 예상되다is expected to
- -(으)ㄹ 것으로 전망하다forecasts that ~ will
- -(으)ㄹ 것으로 추산하다estimates that ~ will
- -(으)ㄹ 것이다will do / going to
- -(으)ㄹ 계획이다plans to ~
- -(으)ㄹ 예정이다be scheduled to, be due to
- -(으)로 알려져 있다is known as N
- -(으)로 추산되다estimated at N
- -(으)로 풀이되다/분석되다is interpreted as N
- -(으)ㄹ수록the more, the more
- -에 따라depending on N
- -을/를 따라along N / following N
- 불과 N 만에in just N, in only N
- N 넘게more than N
- N 대비compared with N, against N
- N(으)로 꼽히다cited as N
- N(으)로 선정되다selected as N
- N(으)로 좁히다narrow (a gap) to N
- N과/와 비교하면compared with N
- N끼리among N, between N (of the same kind)
- N만only N, just N
- N보다more than N
- N보다 N 배N times as much as N
- N보다 N 줄다down N from N
- N부터 N까지from N to N
- N씩N each, N at a time
- N에 달하다 / N에 그치다reaches as much as N / stops at only N
- N에 오르다rise to N (a rank)
- N에 이르다reaches N
- N에서 N(으)로from N to N (a change)
- N에서 N까지from N to N
- N여N-odd, a little over N
- N을/를 웃돌다to exceed N, come in above N
- N포인트N percentage points
- -(ㄴ/는)다plain declarative (news style)
- -(으)ㄴ 것은 -이다what happened is X
- -(으)ㄴ/는 것the act of V-ing
- -(으)로by / as / toward N
- -다는 것은 -다는 뜻이다for X to be so means that Y
- -되다gets done, is done
- -습니다/-ㅂ니다formal polite ending
- -아/어지다become ~, get ~er
- -을/를 대상으로targeting N, covering N
- -지 않다does not ~ (long negation)
- N 가운데among N, out of N
- N 중among N, out of N
- N(으)로 구성되다made up of N
- N(으)로 나뉘다divided into N
- N상under N, in terms of N
- N에는in N, (as for) in N
- N에서는in N (as opposed to elsewhere)
- N을/를 통해through N, by means of N
- N이/가 되다to become N