Grammar
-(으)로 추산되다
Meaning
Advanced-(eu)ro chusandoeda
-(으)로 추산되다 reports a figure as an estimate rather than a settled count. 추산하다 means to arrive at a number by working it out from incomplete information, and the passive 추산되다 presents the result without naming who did the working out. The (으)로 phrase holds the number itself: 245조4000억 원으로 추산됐습니다. Korean financial and statistical reporting uses the verb to mark exactly how firm a figure is — an estimate can move when better data arrives — so a sentence built on 추산되다 is telling the reader not to treat the number as final, and quoting it as a confirmed total misreports the source.
Form
The (으)로 slot takes the figure as a plain noun phrase — 로 after a vowel or a ㄹ-final noun, 으로 after any other consonant: 원으로, 만 명으로, 3%로 (read 퍼센트로, so 로). This is what separates 추산되다 from the hedging patterns built on 것으로, which have to nominalise a whole clause before the particle; here the particle attaches straight to the number and no 것 appears anywhere. The thing being measured is the subject with 은/는 or 이/가 — 기타대출 규모는 ~으로 추산됩니다 — and the verb conjugates as an ordinary 다 verb: 추산됩니다, 추산됐습니다, 추산될 전망입니다, modifier 추산되는. When the estimator has to be named, Korean puts that body in the subject slot of the active 추산하다 rather than adding an agent phrase here.
Examples
기타대출 규모는 245조4000억 원으로 추산됐습니다.
Other lending was estimated at 245.4 trillion won.
From: Bank Household Lending Grew 5.4 Trillion Won in July, a Smaller Rise Than the Month Before
이번 폭우로 인한 피해액은 300억 원 이상으로 추산됩니다.
Damage from the downpour is estimated at more than 30 billion won.
주말 축제를 찾은 관람객은 약 20만 명으로 추산됐습니다.
Visitors to the weekend festival were estimated at about 200,000.
Common mistakes & nuance
The word to hold this against is 집계되다 (to be tallied), which has no entry of its own here yet. 집계되다 reports a figure counted up from returns already in hand; 추산되다 reports one worked out from data that is not all in. A single paragraph of financial news will use both — 집계됐습니다 for the balances on file and 추산됐습니다 for the part that had to be estimated — and the verb is the only signal telling the two kinds of number apart, since they are printed to the same number of digits and sit in the same sentence shape. Note also that 추산되다 is not a politeness softener: it is a claim about where the number came from, so it does not belong on a figure that really was counted.
Similar grammar
- -(으)로 풀이되다
Built the same way — a noun phrase, (으)로, and a passive verb that marks the statement as somebody's reading rather than an established fact — but what goes in the slot differs. 풀이되다 holds an interpretation of why something happened; 추산되다 holds a number saying how much of it there is. Financial articles run them in sequence: the figure is estimated, then the reason behind it is read off.
- -(으)ㄹ 것으로 예상되다
The clearest way to see what the bare (으)로 is doing here. -(으)ㄹ 것으로 예상되다 needs a whole clause turned into a noun with 것 before the particle, because what is being hedged is a proposition about what will happen. -(으)로 추산되다 hedges a quantity that already exists, and a quantity is already a noun, so nothing has to be nominalised — the particle goes straight onto the figure. If you find yourself writing 것으로 추산되다 around a plain number, the 것 has nothing to do.