Grammar

N 기준

Meaning

Advancedgijun

States the condition under which a figure holds. 오전 10시 요금소 출발 기준 7시간 50분 means the journey takes that long only if you leave at that hour — leave at a different time and the number no longer applies. Korean notices put 기준 wherever a number depends on an assumption, and it is the phrase that tells you how far to trust the figure.

Form

Attaches directly to a noun with no particle and no change for a final consonant: N + 기준. The noun is usually a moment in time (3월 말 기준) or a measuring unit (1인 기준, 연간 기준). It normally opens the sentence or the phrase, before the figure it qualifies, and 기준으로 is the same word made adverbial.

Examples

Common mistakes & nuance

Do not read 기준 as 'standard' here, even though that is the dictionary meaning. In a sentence of statistics it is doing the job of English 'as of' or 'on a ~ basis', and translating it as 'standard' produces nonsense. It is also a warning label: a figure with 기준 in front of it is true only under the stated condition, so two articles quoting different 기준 can both be right about the same thing.

Similar grammar