Grammar
-(으)ㄴ 것으로 나타나다
Meaning
Expert-(eu)n geoseuro natanada
The standard way Korean reports what a survey, a statistic or a study showed. The finding is nominalised with -(으)ㄴ 것 (or -는 것 for a state that still holds), marked with 으로, and handed to 나타나다, which means to appear or emerge. The verb is intransitive and takes no agent at all, so the finding is attributed to the data itself rather than to the writer or to the body that ran the survey. This is a report, not a forecast, and the form says so: what stands before 것 is the past or present modifier -(으)ㄴ/-는, never the prospective -(으)ㄹ that the forecasting members of this family require. The sentence normally opens with -에 따르면 or 조사 결과 and closes in the past — 나타났습니다, 나타났다.
Form
Use -(으)ㄴ 것으로 for something completed: after a vowel-final stem -ㄴ (증가하다 → 증가한 것으로), after a consonant-final stem -은 (받다 → 받은 것으로). Use -는 것으로 for a state or habit that still holds (살다 → 사는 것으로, with the stem-final ㄹ dropped). With adjectives, -(으)ㄴ is the present, not the past (많다 → 많은 것으로). The body that ran the survey is not the subject of 나타나다 — it is introduced separately, with -에 따르면 (국가데이터처 조사에 따르면) or with an adverbial 조사 결과 / 정부 조사에서. The verb itself lands as 나타났습니다, 나타났다, or occasionally the present 나타난다.
Examples
참여 청년들의 소득이 꾸준히 증가한 것으로 나타났습니다.
Participating young people's incomes were found to have risen steadily.
정부 조사에서 청년 절반이 부모와 함께 사는 것으로 나타났습니다.
A government survey found that half of young people live with their parents.
From: Korea's Workers Aged 55 to 79 Top 10 Million for the First Time
Common mistakes & nuance
The single most useful signal in this family is the modifier before 것. -(으)ㄹ means a forecast is coming (보이다, 예상되다, 전망하다, 추산하다, 기대되다); -(으)ㄴ or -는 means a finding already in the data, and that is 나타나다. It does read as -(으)ㄹ 것으로 나타났다 in the narrow case where the data being reported is itself a projection, but the ordinary statistics sentence is not that. The other thing to keep straight is how strong the claim is: 나타나다 says only that the numbers showed it, while 확인되다 says somebody checked and it held. And because 나타나다 has no agent, do not try to make the surveying body its subject — name that body with -에 따르면 instead.
Similar grammar
- -는 것으로 확인되다
Same reporting frame, different strength. 나타나다 says the data showed it; 확인되다 says it was checked and held up. A survey result is 나타났다, a repeated measurement or an investigation is 확인됐다.
- -(으)ㄹ 것으로 보이다
The tense of the modifier is the whole difference. 보이다 takes -(으)ㄹ and looks at what will happen; 나타나다 takes -(으)ㄴ/-는 and looks at what the figures already show. Mixing them up turns a measured result into a guess, or the other way round.
- -(으)로 풀이되다/분석되다
나타나다 reports what the numbers say; 풀이되다/분석되다 offers a reading of why they say it. A statistics article usually does both — the finding first, the interpretation after.