Grammar
-되다
Meaning
Intermediate-doeda
A great many Sino-Korean action nouns build an active verb with 하다 and a passive one with 되다 — you simply swap the one for the other: 도입하다 (introduce) → 도입되다 (be introduced), 시행하다 → 시행되다, 발표하다 → 발표되다, 동결하다 → 동결되다, 분류하다 → 분류되다. The 되다 form says what happened without naming who did it, which is exactly why news Korean leans on it so heavily: 조사가 실시되었습니다 reports that a survey was carried out, and leaves the agency that ran it out of the sentence.
Form
Take a Sino-Korean noun that pairs with 하다 and put 되다 in its place: 개방하다 → 개방되다, 금지하다 → 금지되다, 시행하다 → 시행되다. From there it conjugates like any ordinary 다 verb — 발표됩니다, 발표되었습니다 (shortened to 발표됐습니다), 발표될 예정입니다. The thing that is acted on becomes the subject and takes 이/가 or 은/는: 결과가 발표되었습니다. If the doer really has to be named, it is marked with 에 의해, but most 되다 sentences name nobody at all. Note two limits: not every 하다 verb has a 되다 partner (the noun has to be something that can be acted on), and 되다 is also an ordinary verb in its own right meaning 'become', as in 의사가 되다.
Examples
새 도서관은 내년 봄에 시민들에게 개방됩니다.
The new library will be opened to the public next spring.
모든 암표 부정거래행위가 금지됩니다.
All illicit resale of scalped tickets is banned.
AI 학업장려 학자금대출이 처음 시행됩니다.
The AI study-support student loan is being put into effect for the first time.
조사 결과는 다음 주에 발표될 예정입니다.
The results of the survey are scheduled to be announced next week.
새 규칙은 다음 달부터 시행됩니다.
The new rule takes effect from next month.
Common mistakes & nuance
Because 되다 hides the doer, a sentence built on it can feel evasive when the doer matters — that is a stylistic choice a reader can notice, not a neutral default. Watch the shape too: it is 시행되다, never 시행이 되다 written as two words with a subject marker jammed in the middle. And keep it apart from -게 되다, which is a different construction entirely.
Similar grammar
- -게 되다
-게 되다 attaches to a verb stem and says that circumstances changed so that something now happens ('it came to be that…'). -되다 is not a separate ending at all — it is the verb 하다 replaced inside a Sino-Korean word to make its passive.
- N이/가 되다
In N이/가 되다 the 되다 is the full verb 'become', and the noun in front is what something turns into (의사가 되다, 'become a doctor'). In 발표되다 the 되다 is fused into the word and carries no 'become' meaning at all.